English Pronouns – Grammar Guide (With CEFR-level Examples)
Pronouns are words that replace nouns in a sentence. Their primary purpose is to avoid repetition, making sentences more efficient and easier to understand. Pronouns are used in place of specific names or things (nouns) already mentioned or easily understood from context.
Subject Pronouns
Use: As the subject of a verb – the one who does the action.
Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
| Level | Example |
|---|---|
| A1 | She is my teacher. |
| A2 | We go to school every morning. |
| B1 | They don’t understand the question. |
| B2 | He seems to know what he’s doing. |
Object Pronouns
Use: As the object of a verb or preposition – the one who receives the action.
Pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us, them
| Level | Example |
|---|---|
| A1 | Can you help me? |
| A2 | I saw her at the bus stop. |
| B1 | The teacher asked us to repeat the sentence. |
| B2 | The news didn’t surprise them at all. |
Possessive Adjectives
Use: Before a noun to show who owns something.
Pronouns: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
| Level | Example |
|---|---|
| A1 | This is my book. |
| A2 | Their house is near the park. |
| B1 | I forgot his birthday last week. |
| B2 | The cat cleaned its paws after eating. |
Possessive Pronouns
Use: To replace a noun and show possession. They stand alone.
Pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
| Level | Example |
|---|---|
| A1 | This pencil is mine. |
| A2 | That bag is hers, not yours. |
| B1 | Our hotel was cheaper than theirs. |
| B2 | You can take whichever laptop you want—this one is mine. |
Reflexive Pronouns
Use: When the subject and the object of a verb are the same.
Pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
| Level | Example |
|---|---|
| A1 | I made it myself. |
| A2 | Be careful! You might hurt yourself. |
| B1 | We taught ourselves how to cook. |
| B2 | He blamed himself for the mistake. |
Relative Pronouns
Use: To introduce a clause that gives more information.
Pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that
| Level | Example |
|---|---|
| A1 | This is the boy who plays football. |
| A2 | I have a friend who speaks French. |
| B1 | She’s the artist whose work you liked. |
| B2 | The book, which I finished last night, was excellent. |
Level A1
- ___ am going to the store.
a) I
b) Me
c) He - She is my friend. ___ loves music.
a) She
b) Her
c) It - This is ___ book.
a) hers
b) my
c) them - Can you help ___ with this problem?
a) I
b) me
c) he
Level A2
- ___ is my sister.
a) He
b) She
c) It - I’m going to call ___ tonight.
a) them
b) he
c) she - This is ___ house.
a) their
b) theirs
c) hers - She gave the keys to ___.
a) hers
b) him
c) himself
Level B1
- ___ are playing football at the park.
a) He
b) They
c) She - I want to buy a new car, but ___ is too expensive.
a) mine
b) his
c) it - The book, ___ I read last week, was great.
a) which
b) who
c) whom - We taught ___ how to dance.
a) us
b) ourselves
c) they
Level B2
- She didn’t understand why ___ failed the test.
a) she
b) herself
c) it - The children, ___ are playing outside, are very excited.
a) whom
b) who
c) whose - The teacher asked us to give ___ feedback on the presentation.
a) theirs
b) them
c) our - This pencil is ___.
a) mine
b) his
c) her
Answer key:
Level A1:
- a) I
- a) She
- b) my
- b) me
Level A2:
5. b) She
6. a) them
7. a) their
8. b) him
Level B1:
9. b) They
10. c) it
11. a) which
12. b) ourselves
Level B2:
13. a) she
14. b) who
15. c) our
16. a) mine
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